I Failed the Turing Test

To expose services in a Kubernetes cluster, you typically need an Ingress backed by a cloud provider's load balancer, and often a NAT Gateway. For small projects, these costs add up fast (though someone may argue small projects shouldn't use Kubernetes at all).

What if you could ditch the Ingress, Load Balancer, and Public IP entirely? Enter Cloudflare Tunnel (by the way, it costs $0).

How Cloudflare Tunnel Works

Cloudflare Tunnel relies on a lightweight daemon called cloudflared that runs within your cluster to establish secure, persistent outbound connections to Cloudflare's global network (edge servers). Instead of accepting incoming connections, your server runs cloudflared to dial out and establish a secure tunnel with Cloudflare. Then it creates a bidirectional tunnel that allows Cloudflare to route requests to your private services while blocking all direct inbound access to your origin servers.

So basically Cloudflare Tunnel acts as a reverse proxy that routes traffic from Cloudflare edge servers to your private services: Internet -> Cloudflare Edge Server -> Tunnel -> cloudflared -> Service -> Pod.

ref:
https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/networks/connectors/cloudflare-tunnel/

Create a Tunnel

A tunnel links your origin to Cloudflare's global network. It is a logical connection that enables secure, persistent outbound connections to Cloudflare's global network (Cloudflare Edge Servers).

• Go to https://one.dash.cloudflare.com/ -> Networks -> Connectors -> Create a tunnel -> Select cloudflared
• Tunnel name: your-tunnel-name
• Choose an operating system: Docker

Instead of running any installation command, simply copy the token (starts with eyJ...). We will use it later.

ref:
https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/connections/connect-networks/deployment-guides/kubernetes/

Configure Published Application Routes

First of all, make sure you host your domains on Cloudflare, so the following setup can update your domain's DNS records automatically.

Assume you have the following Services in your Kubernetes cluster:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-blog
spec:
  selector:
    app: my-blog
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      targetPort: http
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: frontend
spec:
  selector:
    app: frontend
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      targetPort: http

You need to configure your published application routes based on your Services, for instance:

• Route 1:
  • Domain: example.com
  • Path: blog
  • Type: HTTP
  • URL: my-blog.default:80 => format: your-service.your-namespace:your-service-port
• Route 2:
  • Domain: example.com
  • Path: (leave it blank)
  • Type: HTTP
  • URL: frontend.default:80 => format: your-service.your-namespace:your-service-port

Deploy cloudflared to Kubernetes

We will deploy cloudflared as a Deployment in Kubernetes. It acts as a connector that routes traffic from Cloudflare's global network directly to your private services. You don't need to expose any of your services to the public Internet.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: cloudflared-tunnel-token
stringData:
  token: YOUR_TUNNEL_TOKEN
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: tunnel
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: tunnel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: tunnel
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 25
      nodeSelector:
        cloud.google.com/compute-class: "autopilot-spot"
      securityContext:
        sysctls:
          # Allows ICMP traffic (ping, traceroute) to resources behind cloudflared
          - name: net.ipv4.ping_group_range
            value: "65532 65532"
      containers:
        - name: cloudflared
          image: cloudflare/cloudflared:latest
          command:
            - cloudflared
            - tunnel
            - --no-autoupdate
            - --loglevel
            - debug
            - --metrics
            - 0.0.0.0:2000
            - run
          env:
            - name: TUNNEL_TOKEN
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  name: cloudflared-tunnel-token
                  key: token
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              # Cloudflared has a /ready endpoint which returns 200 if and only if it has an active connection to Cloudflare's network
              path: /ready
              port: 2000
            failureThreshold: 1
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 50m
              memory: 128Mi
            limits:
              cpu: 200m
              memory: 256Mi

ref:
https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/networks/connectors/cloudflare-tunnel/configure-tunnels/cloudflared-parameters/run-parameters/

kubectl apply -f cloudflared/deployment.yml

That's it! Check the Cloudflare dashboard, and you should see your tunnel status as HEALTHY.

You can now safely delete your Ingress and the underlying load balancer. You don't need them anymore. Enjoy your secure, cost-effective cluster!