How HTTPS Works in Layman's Terms - TLS 1.2 and 1.3

TLS actually uses both Asymmetric Encryption and Symmetric Encryption, so-called a hybrid cryptosystem. Simply speaking, TLS first uses an Asymmetric algorithm to exchange shared secrets between both sides, then generates a Symmetric key (the session key) from the shared secrets, finally uses the session key to encrypt application data (HTTP request/response).