{"id":162,"date":"2015-05-26T14:10:59","date_gmt":"2015-05-26T06:10:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vinta.ws\/code\/?p=162"},"modified":"2026-02-18T01:20:37","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T17:20:37","slug":"elasticsearch-more-than-a-search-engine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinta.ws\/code\/elasticsearch-more-than-a-search-engine.html","title":{"rendered":"Elasticsearch: More than a Search Engine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Elasticsearch is a schemaless, document-oriented search engine, has a bunch of powerful quering APIs. It's also a great NoSQL database.<\/p>\n<p>ref:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/products\/elasticsearch\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/products\/elasticsearch<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Glossary<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ee5 Elasticsearch 5.6 \u70ba\u6e96\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8ddf\u820a\u7248\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u7248\u7684 Elasticsearch \u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b index \u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b mapping type\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u500b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cluster\uff1a\u4e00\u500b cluster \u5305\u542b\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b nodes\uff0c\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u9078\u51fa\u4e00\u500b master node<\/li>\n<li>node\uff1a\u4e00\u53f0\u8dd1\u8457 Elasticsearch \u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b node<\/li>\n<li>index\uff1a\u985e\u4f3c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u88e1\u7684 table<\/li>\n<li>mapping\uff1a\u985e\u4f3c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u88e1\u7684 table schema<\/li>\n<li>field\uff1a\u985e\u4f3c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u88e1\u7684 column<\/li>\n<li>document\uff1a\u985e\u4f3c\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u88e1\u7684 row<\/li>\n<li>text\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u975e\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u6587\u5b57\uff0ctext \u6703\u88ab analyze \u8b8a\u6210 term\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u641c\u5c0b<\/li>\n<li>term\uff1a\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728 Elasticsearch \u88e1\u7684\u6771\u897f<\/li>\n<li>analysis: \u628a text \u8b8a\u6210 term \u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 normalize\u3001tokenize \u548c stopword remove<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ref:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/glossary.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/glossary.html<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Mapping<\/h2>\n<p>Mapping \u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u5f0f\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\uff0cElasticsearch \u5c31\u6703\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u53bb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u81ea\u52d5\u6839\u64da\u8cc7\u6599\u5efa\u7acb\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684 mapping\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 analyzer\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6703\u7b26\u5408\u4f60\u7684\u9810\u671f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u597d\u9084\u662f\u624b\u52d5\u6307\u5b9a mapping\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u7684 field data types\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>text<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a string \u985e\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u65bc full-text search<\/li>\n<li><code>keyword<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a string \u985e\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u65bc exact value \u7684 filter\u3001sort \u6216 aggregate\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u820a\u7248\u7684 <code>not_analyzed<\/code>\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728 Elasticsearch \u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6b04\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab index \u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 data types\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>location<\/code> \u6b04\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e <code>fields<\/code> \u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u6642 index \u6210 <code>text<\/code> \u548c <code>keyword<\/code>\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u5168\u6587\u641c\u7d22\u548c exact value \u904e\u6ffe\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5225\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 analyzer\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ref:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/mapping-types.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/mapping-types.html<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b analyzer \u7531\u4e09\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u7d44\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Character filters<\/li>\n<li>Tokenizers<\/li>\n<li>Token filters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7d44\u5408\u51fa\u4f60\u7684 analyzer\uff0c\u4ee5 elasticsearch-dsl-py \u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><code class=\"language-py\">from elasticsearch_dsl import DocType, Date, Integer, Keyword, Text, Boolean\nfrom elasticsearch_dsl import analyzer, tokenizer\n\ntext_analyzer = analyzer('text_analyzer',\n    char_filter=[\"html_strip\"],\n    tokenizer=\"standard\",\n    filter=[\"asciifolding\", \"lowercase\", \"snowball\", \"stop\"]\n)\n\ncjk_analyzer = analyzer('text_analyzer',\n    char_filter=[\"html_strip\"],\n    tokenizer=tokenizer('trigram', 'nGram', min_gram=2, max_gram=3),\n    filter=[\"asciifolding\", \"lowercase\", \"snowball\", \"stop\"]\n)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>ref:<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/elasticsearch-dsl.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/persistence.html\">http:\/\/elasticsearch-dsl.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/persistence.html<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Testing Analyzer<\/h3>\n<p>\u6e2c\u8a66\u67d0\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u5728\u67d0\u500b analyzer \u4e0b\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><code class=\"language-txt\">POST http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9200\/_analyze\n{\n  \"tokenizer\": \"standard\",\n  \"filter\": [\"lowercase\", \"asciifolding\"],\n  \"text\": \"Is this d\u00e9ja vu?\"\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>ref:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/analysis.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/analysis.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/analysis-analyzers.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/analysis-analyzers.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/analysis-tokenizers.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/analysis-tokenizers.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/analysis-tokenfilters.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/analysis-tokenfilters.html<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Chinese Words Segmentation<\/h3>\n<p>ik \u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u5206\u8a5e plugin \u7684\u6548\u679c\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u5167\u5efa\u7684 cjk \u52a0\u4e0a NGram \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 multi-field index\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u4f5c\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u628a\u8cc7\u6599\u9935\u9032\u53bb Elasticsearch \u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5148\u5206\u597d\u8a5e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 Jieba\uff0c\u5206\u8a5e\u5b8c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7528 Elasticsearch \u7684 whitespace tokenizer\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u6587\u641c\u5c0b\u7d93\u9a57\u5206\u4eab<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.liang2.tw\/2015Talk-Chinese-Search\/\">https:\/\/blog.liang2.tw\/2015Talk-Chinese-Search\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>ref:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/analysis-lang-analyzer.html#cjk-analyzer\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/analysis-lang-analyzer.html#cjk-analyzer<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/analysis-ngram-tokenizer.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/analysis-ngram-tokenizer.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/plugins\/current\/analysis-smartcn.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/plugins\/current\/analysis-smartcn.html<\/a> &lt;&lt; \u4e0d\u63a8\u85a6<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/medcl\/elasticsearch-analysis-ik\">https:\/\/github.com\/medcl\/elasticsearch-analysis-ik<\/a> &lt;&lt; \u582a\u7528<\/p>\n<h2>RESTful APIs<\/h2>\n<p>Show useful information for humans<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9200\/_cat\">http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9200\/_cat<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/cat.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/cat.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>List all indices and aliases<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9200\/_aliases\">http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9200\/_aliases<\/a><\/p>\n<p>List mappings under am index<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9200\/repo\/_mapping\">http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9200\/repo\/_mapping<\/a><\/p>\n<p>List documents under an index<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9200\/repo\/_search\">http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9200\/repo\/_search<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Query DSL<\/h2>\n<p>query \u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4<br \/>\nfilter \u5247\u662f\u9019\u500b\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u689d\u4ef6<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/guide\/master\/search-in-depth.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/guide\/master\/search-in-depth.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-queries.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-queries.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-filters.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-filters.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u505a exact value \u7684 query<br \/>\n\u8acb\u7528 term<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-term-query.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-term-query.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u505a full text \u7684 query<br \/>\n\u8acb\u7528 match<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-match-query.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-match-query.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u4e00\u6b21 query \u591a\u500b\u6b04\u4f4d<br \/>\n\u8acb\u7528 multi_match<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-multi-match-query.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-multi-match-query.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u7528 AND (must), OR (should), NOT (must_not) \u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22<br \/>\n\u8acb\u7528 bool<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/guide\/master\/bool-query.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/guide\/master\/bool-query.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-bool-query.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-bool-query.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u7d50\u5408 filter \u548c query<br \/>\n\u8acb\u7528 filtered<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-filtered-query.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-filtered-query.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>More Like This query<br \/>\n\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f38\u5165\u6587\u5b57\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a document id \u627e\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7d50\u679c<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-mlt-query.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-mlt-query.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u6b04\u4f4d\u52a0\u6b0a<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/guide\/current\/query-time-boosting.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/guide\/current\/query-time-boosting.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/guide\/current\/_boosting_query_clauses.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/guide\/current\/_boosting_query_clauses.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-boosting-query.html\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/query-dsl-boosting-query.html<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Multi-index, Multi-type<\/h2>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u641c\u5c0b\u55ae\u4e00 type\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8 index\u3001\u8de8 type<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\/_search<\/code>: Search all types in all indices<\/li>\n<li><code>\/gb\/_search<\/code>: Search all types in the gb index<\/li>\n<li><code>\/gb,us\/_search<\/code>: Search all types in the gb and us indices<\/li>\n<li><code>\/g*,u*\/_search<\/code>: Search all types in any indices beginning with g or beginning with u<\/li>\n<li><code>\/gb\/user\/_search<\/code>: Search type user in the gb index<\/li>\n<li><code>\/gb,us\/user,tweet\/_search<\/code>: Search types user and tweet in the gb and us indices<\/li>\n<li><code>\/_all\/user,tweet\/_search<\/code>: Search types user and tweet in all indices<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ref:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/search-search.html#search-multi-index-type\">https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/guide\/en\/elasticsearch\/reference\/current\/search-search.html#search-multi-index-type<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elasticsearch is a schemaless, document-oriented search engine, has a bunch of powerful quering APIs. It's also a great NoSQL database.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[70,71],"class_list":["post-162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-about-database","tag-elasticsearch","tag-search"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinta.ws\/code\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinta.ws\/code\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinta.ws\/code\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinta.ws\/code\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinta.ws\/code\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinta.ws\/code\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinta.ws\/code\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinta.ws\/code\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinta.ws\/code\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}